Isolation And Diagnosis Of Skin Fungi That Causes Tinea Capitis In The Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59680/ishel.v2i2.1134Keywords:
Tinea captis, Fungi, childrenAbstract
One hundred clinical samples of hair and scalp flakes were collected for children with tinea capitis aged from 1 year to 12 years from the dermatology consultant affiliated with Tikrit Teaching Hospital and outpatient clinics, with the aim of isolating the pathogenic fungi that cause tinea capitis and diagnosing them in children. Out of the total, 77 samples were found in the laboratory culture, while the findings of the direct microscopic examination indicated the presence of 55 samples. Several dermatophyte species from the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum were identified. T. mentagrophytes was the most prevalent with 18 isolates (23%), followed by T. violaceum and T. rubrum, each with 12 isolates (15%). Next, there were 10 isolates of the fungus T. schoenleinii (13%), compared to 4 isolates (10%) of each of the two species of fungus, T. tonsurans and T. verrucosum. While fungi belonging to the genus Microsporum were isolated at a rate of 10 isolates (13%) of the type M. canis, while 7 isolates of the M. gypsum type were isolated (9%). The incidence of tinea capitis among was greater in men than in women., as the number of infected males was 62 (62%), and females were 38 (38%) infected out of the total number. Regarding age groupings, 20% of children between the ages of one and four have head ringworm. The infection rate for children aged 5-8 was 32%, and the highest risk of infection was for those aged 9-12, who were at risk for 48%. It was also found that the rate of infection with the fungi that cause tinea capitis in the children from whom the samples were taken was high among patients coming from rural areas, at 80%, compared to patients coming from urban areas, at 20%.
References
Ahmed, H. A. R. A. K. (2022). Comparison of the Inhibitory Effectiveness of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Plant Extracts on the Fungus T. mentagrophytes. Master’s thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University.
Al Masoudi, N. N. H. M. (2021). Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Some Dermatophytes Found in Karbala Governorate and Evaluation of the Filtrate of the Fungus Marasmius palmivorus and Moringa oliefera Leaf Extract on the Growth and Gene Expression of the Fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Master Thesis, Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Karbala.
Al-Barzinji, V. B. (2020). Prevalence of Tinea Capitis, Mycotic Infection among Primary School Children in Erbil City. Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15(1), 36-48.
Al-Khazali, A. T. A. (2021). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Chamomile Flower Extracts, Matricaria chamomilla, on Some Types of Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Various Clinical Infections. Master’s thesis, Department of Biology, College of Science, Albasrah University.
Al-Shahri, N. A. (2014). Characterization of Extracts of Some Types of Algae Isolated from the Water of the Tigris River and Their Effect on Skin Fungi of Patients in Nineveh Governorate. Doctoral dissertation, College of Science, Tikrit University.
Al-Zubaidi, A. A. A. (2019). Isolating active compounds from the fungus Ganoderma Lucidum and identifying their inhibitory effectiveness against some skin fungi isolated from patients attending Salah al-Din General Hospital. Master Thesis, Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Tikrit University.
Basak, P., Mallick, B., & Pattanaik, S. (2019). Prevalence of dermatophytic infections including antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes in a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 7(3), 699-705.
Casadevall, A. (2018). Fungal diseases in the 21st century: The near and far horizons. Pathogens & Immunity, 3(2), 183.
Chowdhary, A., Singh, A., Kaur, A., & Khurana, A. (2022). The emergence and worldwide spread of the species Trichophyton indotineae causing difficult-to-treat dermatophytosis: A new challenge in the management of dermatophytosis. PLOS Pathogens, 18(9), e1010795.
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1), 1-42.
Emmons, W. G., Binford, C., Utz, J., & Kwon-Chung, K. (1997). Medical Mycology. 3rd ed. Lea and Febiger.
Gnat, S., ?agowski, D., Nowakiewicz, A., & Zi?ba, P. (2018). Phenotypic characterization of enzymatic activity of clinical dermatophyte isolates from animals with and without skin lesions and humans. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(3), 700-709.
Ilhan, Z., Karaca, M., Ekin, I. H., Solmaz, H., Akkan, H. A., & Tutuncu, M. (2016). Detection of seasonal asymptomatic dermatophytes in Van cats. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 47, 225-230.
Iwasa, K., Ogawa, K., Azukizawa, H., Tanabe, H., Iwanaga, T., Anzawa, K., ... & Asada, H. (2019). Revival of favus in Japan caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii. The Journal of Dermatology, 46(4), 347-350.
Kashem, S. W., & Kaplan, D. H. (2016). Skin Immunity to Candida albicans. Trends in Immunology, 37(7), 440-450.
Leitao, J. H. (2020). Microbial virulence factors-11Dermatophytes Species Isolated From Clinical Specimens. Journal of Inflammatory Diseases, 26(1), 35-42.
Martinez-Rossi, N. M., Bitencourt, T. A., Peres, N. T., Lang, E. A., Gomes, E. V., Quaresemin, N. R., ... & Rossi, A. (2018). Dermatophyte resistance to antifungal drugs: mechanisms and prospectus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1108.
Noman, R. S. (2018). Isolating Some Fungi that Cause Skin Infections and Studying the Effect of Some Nanobodies and Antibiotics on Them. Master Thesis, Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Tikrit University.
Rodríguez?Cerdeira, C., Martínez?Herrera, E., Szepietowski, J. C., Pinto?Almazán, R., Frías?De?León, M. G., Espinosa?Hernández, V. M., ... & Saunte, D. M. (2021). A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: Analysis of the last 20 years. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 35(4), 844-883.
Sciortino Jr, C. V. (2017). Atlas of Clinically Important Fungi. John Wiley & Sons.
Suhonen, R. E., Dawber, R. P., & Ellis, D. H. (1999). Fungal Infection of the Skin, Hair, and Nails. Martin Dunitz Ltd., London.
Th, R. A. A. A. E. (2023). Isolation and Identification of Fungi Isolated from Tinea Infections on Head in Babylon City. Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research, 3(10A).
Tille, P. (2015). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Zaraa, I., Hawilo, A., Aounallah, A., Trojjet, S., El Euch, D., Mokni, M., & Osman, A. B. (2013). Inflammatory Tinea capitis: A 12-year study and a review of the literature. Mycoses, 56(2), 110-116.
