Mapping The Determinants of Infectious Diseases among Under-Five Children: A Scoping Review

Dwi Jati Setya Bakti; Sri Achadi Nugraheni; Martini Martini

doi:10.59680/ventilator.v4i2.2465

Authors

Dwi Jati Setya Bakti Universitas Diponegoro
Sri Achadi Nugraheni Universitas Diponegoro
Martini Martini Universitas Diponegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59680/ventilator.v4i2.2465

Keywords:

Coastal Communities, Infectious Diseases, Nutrition, Socioeconomic Determinants, Under-Five Children

Abstract

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five, especially in coastal communities characterized by environmental vulnerability and socioeconomic disparities. Understanding the multifactorial determinants of these diseases is essential for effective prevention and policy intervention. This scoping review aimed to map the determinants influencing infectious diseases among under-five children in coastal areas and identify research gaps. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework, with literature searches conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Fifteen eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools, and data were categorized into environmental, socioeconomic, behavioral, and biological determinants. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and were conducted in developing countries across Asia and Africa. Socioeconomic factors—particularly maternal education and household income—were the most frequently reported determinants, followed by biological aspects such as nutritional status and immunization. Environmental quality and hygiene behaviors also significantly contributed to respiratory and diarrheal infections. These findings highlight that infectious diseases among under-five children in coastal settings arise from complex, interrelated factors, underscoring the need for multisectoral, evidence-based prevention strategies.

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