Determinan Kejadian Koinfeksi Tuberkulosis-HIV pada Orang dengan HIV (ODHIV)
Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59680/anestesi.v4i2.2396Keywords:
Coinfection, Determinants, PLHIV, Systematic Review, TB-HIVAbstract
Tuberculosis-HIV coinfection remains a serious global health burden, particularly in developing countries. This systematic review aims to identify the determinants of TB-HIV coinfection among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) based on publications from 2020 to 2026. A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with study selection using the PICO framework for analytical observational studies in adult PLHIV. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria, revealing that determinants of TB-HIV coinfection include sociodemographic factors age >= 40 years, male sex, low education, urban residence), clinical-immunological factors (CD4 <200 cells/mm³, WHO stage III/IV, malnutrition, opportunistic infections, history of TB), and treatment-related factors (no or poor adherence to ART, unsuppressed viral load, lack of prophylaxis). The most consistently reported dominant determinants were low CD4 count, advanced clinical stage, and absence of ART. Therefore, the main determinant of TB-HIV coinfection is severe immunosuppression due to uncontrolled HIV, highlighting that early HIV detection, immediate ART initiation, prophylactic therapy, and regular monitoring are key evidence-based prevention strategies.
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