Partisipasi Anak dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Ditinjau dari Perspektif Anak: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Children’s participation in healthcare is a crucial component of patient-centered care and the fulfillment of children’s rights. Although widely recognized, the implementation of children’s participation in clinical practice remains suboptimal and is often dominated by adult perspectives. Therefore, a review that examines children’s participation from the children’s own perspective is needed. Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review using the PRISMA approach on 13 scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025. The literature search was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to child participation, healthcare, and children’s perspective. Data were analyzed using the PICO framework to identify forms of participation and influencing factors. Results: The findings indicate that children’s participation is multidimensional, encompassing communication, understanding of information, emotional involvement, and expression of opinions within healthcare experiences. Interventions such as play-based approaches, education, and psychosocial support have been shown to significantly enhance children’s participation. However, major barriers include the dominance of paternalistic approaches, limited healthcare professionals’ understanding of children’s rights, and the low level of children’s involvement in decision-making processes. Additionally, family and social environmental factors play an important role in shaping children’s confidence and ability to participate. Conclusion: Children’s participation in healthcare requires a more inclusive, participatory, and rights-based approach. Efforts to enhance participation should focus on age-appropriate communication, active involvement of children, and support from healthcare professionals and families to ensure that healthcare services are more responsive to children’s needs and perspectives.