Manajemen Komprehensif Faringitis Akut akibat Tuberkulosis Paru Aktif: Laporan Kasus dan Tinjauan Skoping

Abstract

Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viral infection and tends to be self-limiting; however, persistent sore throat accompanied by systemic symptoms should raise clinical suspicion for other underlying conditions, including active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). ENT manifestations of tuberculosis, particularly involving the pharynx and larynx, often resemble ordinary upper respiratory tract infections, leading to delayed diagnosis. This study aimed to report a case of acute pharyngitis as an early manifestation of active pulmonary tuberculosis and to review comprehensive diagnostic and management approaches based on current literature. A 37-year-old male presented with persistent sore throat, odynophagia, dysphagia, chronic cough, weight loss, and night sweats. Physical examination showed hyperemia of the soft palate with white exudate. Review of 12 articles demonstrated that ENT manifestations of tuberculosis often mimic acute pharyngitis and other upper airway diseases. Diagnosis was established through clinical evaluation, radiological examination, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF testing. Persistent acute pharyngitis accompanied by systemic symptoms should heighten clinical awareness of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Early diagnosis, comprehensive systemic evaluation, and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve treatment success and prevent delayed diagnosis and disease transmission.